Proceedings of Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS) (NFM22)
Publication date: 11th July 2022
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have received tremendous research attention over the past decade as active materials for optoelectronic applications such as solar cells and photodetectors. Despite the excellent optoelectronic properties of hybrid perovskites, the commercialization of their applications is hindered by their limited intrinsic stability. A prime route to obtain more stable perovskite active materials is the addition of a large organic ammonium cation to form quasi-2D or mixed 3D/2D hybrid perovskite materials.
We employ a tailored large polyheterocyclic aromatic ammonium cation, a benzothienobenzothiophene (BTBT) derivative, either as an additive in the precursor solution to obtain a quasi-2D perovskite active layer for use in photodetectors[1] or as an interlayer between the hole-transporting layer and a 3D perovskite active layer in solar cells. We show that for both applications, the rigid BTBT cation enhances perovskite stability.
The BTBT cation was added to a CsPbI3 precursor solution to obtain a <n> = 2 quasi-2D perovskite film.[1] We compared the stability and performance of this film to that of a state-of-the-art (BA)2CsPb2I7 (<n> = 2) film. While the (BA)2CsPb2I7 film starts to degrade at 130 °C, the thermal stability of the film containing the BTBT cation is significantly enhanced to 230 °C. Furthermore, while the (BA)2CsPb2I7 film degrades into (BA)2PbI4 and other compounds after 1 day of storage in air at 77% relative humidity in the dark, the film containing BTBT shows excellent resistance against humidity, with no apparent degradation after five months. We fabricated planar photoconductor-type detectors using both films. The specific detectivity (D*) of the photodetectors with films containing our novel BTBT cation is similar in magnitude to that of the state-of-the-art BA-based detectors.
The BTBT cation was also used as an interlayer in a p-i-n perovskite solar cell between a NiOx hole-transporting layer and a 3D perovskite active layer, which leads to an improvement of ~ 100 mV in VOC in the solar cells. The moisture stability of the solar cells was enhanced with the presence of the interlayer.
The research fund Flanders (FWO) is acknowledged for the funding of the PhD fellowships of M.M., A.M. and S.G. The FWO is also acknowledged for the funding of the SBO project PROCEED (FWOS002019N) and the senior research project G043320N. The special research fund (BOF) of UHasselt is acknowledged for the funding of the PhD grants of P.-H.D. and S.M.
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