Proceedings of Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS) (NFM22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2022.272
Publication date: 11th July 2022
The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formic acid can be performed with promising faradaic efficiencies.[1] It is one of the first reduction products of CO2 and H2O having a relatively high added value among the reported products.[1] Nevertheless, for practical applications, several requirements need to be met. For example, the current density needs to surpass 100 mA/cm2, and the catalyst should be stable and active for thousands of hours.[1] To improve this, researchers have devoted significant efforts to understand the active phase of promising electrocatalysts such as In2O3 or Bi2O3. Several reports suggest that the presence of an oxide surface state of the catalyst is necessary for a high faradaic efficiency towards formate.[2],[3] Such studies were performed for relatively short times (<5 h) and at low current densities (<5 mA/cm2), meaning that the involved oxide phases might not be stable during prolonged use.
Here we report on the use of In2O3 nanoparticles in a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) configuration for CO2 reduction under practical conditions (high current density, long reaction time). Flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) was used to synthesize In2O3 nanoparticles with precise size and crystal structure as shown by TEM and XRD. These particles show good faradaic efficiencies (FE > 80%) at current densities up to 200 mA/cm2. Different GDE configurations were prepared and compared in CO2 electroreduction to understand its influence on overall performance. The active phase was characterized by XPS and in situ Raman spectroscopy. The results show that, under the applied conditions, the initial indium oxide phase is readily reduced, yet remains active for CO2 reduction to formate. By tuning the carbon support and hydrophobicity in the catalyst layer of the GDE, the electrode maintains its activity during 50h CO2 electroreduction.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 838014
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