Proceedings of Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS) (NFM22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2022.221
Publication date: 11th July 2022
In the recent years, Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved impressive efficiencies and have progressed on the scale of technological availability close to becoming a potential reality for the market. However, many challenges still need to be addressed to enable full industrial production and commercialization.
Basic research is continually developing and understanding the interactions of materials to increase efficiency and lifetime but most of the time do not taken in consideration the need in a large-scale production, such as solvent toxicity, materials degradetion, the establishment of the supply chain, costs and CAPital expenditure of the production line (CAPEX). Therefore, the technological scale-up, from small laboratory cells to real-size modules and panels, involves several steps and peculiarities.
In the field of PSC, the best results currently obtained on small devices are found on chlorinated or halogen based inks processed in an inert atmosphere, which favor a better crystallization of the active layer and translate into higher performance. Furthermore, lead-based perovskites are the most ready option for a potential market in terms of performance and relative ease of manufacture. However, those formulations are not the best choice for scale-up due to health and safety concerns and best practices, requiring the development of safety control protocols that are not an issue in small-scale or laboratory research.
In this work, we present the main challenges of increasing PSC from rigid laboratory-scale devices to flexible cells fabricated with scalable processing techniques. The transfer from doctor blade devices prepared under controlled conditions (RH <35%) to roll-to-roll solt-die (R2R) coated films manufactured in a laboratory setting (ISO-7 cleanroom) is reported, paving the way for future industrialization of this promising photovoltaic technology.
The authors acknowledge CEMIG (Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais S.A.) for the financial support.
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