Proceedings of Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS) (NFM22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2022.209
Publication date: 11th July 2022
Solution-processed organic, and perovskite solar cells have reached promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) records in recent years on cells with active area <1 cm2. Transferring the performance from laboratory scale to real modules is typically associated with losses in PCE. The origin of such upscaling losses is manifold and includes potential drops in the electrodes due to a non-optimized electrode design or an increase of defects and inhomogeneities of the active layers. To minimize those losses, the first step is to quantify the significance of each loss channel. In the first part, we use a combination of straightforward steady-state measurement techniques on lab-scale devices and mini-modules with a photoactive area of ~37 cm2 to set up a reliable digital twin of the device in the FEM-based simulation tool Laoss. This digital twin allows us to understand the existing performance limitation of the fabricated device. In a second step, the model is used to optimize performance by sequentially switching off various losses, varying the geometry of the module and combining this to obtain a thorough loss diagram. For the specific module, it is found that 50% of the PCE is lost due to an internal series resistance when moving from lab to module scale. It is attributed to a modified interface when partially fabricated in ambient conditions. This could be further evidenced by evaluating the performance of small cells as well as by electro- (EL) and photoluminescence imaging. In the second part, we use imaging techniques (EL and dark lock-in thermography) to detect different impurities and defects in perovskite solar cells. We find features that can be related to manufacturing issues but also point-like defects that occur during storage. With simulations, we can quantify the latter and eventually follow its evolution during storage time.
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Previously nanoGe Spring Meeting (NSM) and nanoGe Fall Meeting (NFM), MATSUS is a multiple symposia conference focused on a broad set of topics of advanced materials preparation, their fundamental properties, and their applications, in fields such as renewable energy, photovoltaics, lighting, semiconductor quantum dots, 2-D materials synthesis, charge carriers dynamics, microscopy and spectroscopy semiconductors fundamentals, etc.
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