Proceedings of Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS) (NFM22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2022.187
Publication date: 11th July 2022
Integrating storage technologies in the future renewable energy system is one of the most important nowadays problems. Recent developments in small scale consumer electronics, trend for implementing “Internet of Things” and smart house smart cities concepts make it imperative to have cheap, wireless power solution for all-time operation electronics. The combination of photovoltaic (PV) devices with rechargeable batteries represents a viable strategy for powering such low power electronic devices. With the increasing use of indoor LED (light emitting diode) lighting worldwide, the matching LED output spectrum with the absorption spectrum of lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSC) affords an opportunity to reuse emitted light with high efficiency to feed low power electronics. Recently, lead halide perovskite cells and modules have demonstrated efficiencies under artificial lighting in excess of 30 % [1] with a record of 40.1 % achieved with an extra thick absorber layer [2]. The main reason bringing forward PSCs is very close overlap of the external quantum efficiency in lead halide perovskite solar cells with the emission spectrum of an LED lamp. However, there is not many publications showing a combination of perovskite-battery devices working efficiently under low light LED illumination intensities.
AIM AND APPROACH
The aim of the work is to demonstrate a successful and highly efficient energy harvesting and storage under a wide range of light emitting diode (LED) illumination intensities by applying lead halide perovskite solar module directly coupled to a high-rate capable next generation sodium ion battery. Direct coupling of PV and batteries require fabrication of perovskite solar module with tailored current-voltage (IV) characteristic to match battery voltage under target irradiance conditions. A 3-cell perovskite module with CH3NH3Pb(I0.8Br0.2)3 absorber layer and fullerene electron transport layer [3] was fabricated with a conversion efficiency of 17.8 %, with a fill factor of 81.3 %, short-circuit current density of 5.91 mAcm-2 and open-circuit voltage of 3.71 V under AM.1.5 illumination. To test the PSC modules for indoor battery charging under LED lighting a sodium ion battery with metallic sodium anode and cathode made from sodium titanium phosphate (NaTi2(PO4)2) coated onto sheets of carbon Nano felt (NTP@CNF) was chosen due to its high charge rate capability, low charge-discharge overpotential and distinct charge and discharge voltage plateau [4]. LED illumination intensity was attenuated by using neutral density filters.
CONCLUSION
High efficiency indoor charging of advanced sodium ion battery based on sodium titanium phosphate (NaTi2(PO4)2) coated onto sheets of carbon Nano felt using a perovskite solar module with CH3NH3Pb(I0.8Br0.2)3 absorber layer under LED illumination was demonstrated. We have directly coupled both devices without any power electronics and achieved overall PV-Battery efficiency of 24.3% under LED illumination. Under target LED illuminance of 300 lux, the perovskite solar cell shows PCE of 29.4%, and coupling factor of 0.87, and roundtrip battery efficiency of 94.9 % [5].
[5] Kin L.C-., Joule, ‘Efficient indoor light harvesting with MAP(I0.8Br0.2)3 solar modules and Na-ion battery’ 2022 submitted.
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