Proceedings of Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS) (NFM22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2022.180
Publication date: 11th July 2022
‘Water-in-salt’ type of electrolytes are highly explored in the recent past for its applications in aqueous batteries. Such electrolytes decreases the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by extending the water stability window which can be useful for other electrochemical reactions like CO2 reduction reaction or N2 reduction reaction (NRR) as HER is the main competitor reaction, where such processes are highly important in chemical industry. For example, development of methods for economically feasible greener ammonia (NH3) production is gaining tremendous scientific attention due to its importance in fertilizer industry and it is envisaged as a safer liquid hydrogen carrier for futuristic energy resources. In this aspect, electrochemical reduction reaction of nitrogen to ammonia in aqueous electrolyte is a promising way. In our research, an aqueous electrolysis based NH3 production in ambient conditions is discovered, which yields high faradaic efficiency (~12%) NH3 via NRR at lower over potentials (~ -0.6V vs. RHE or -1.1V vs. Ag/AgCl) on polycrystalline copper (Cu) bypassing HER.1 Li+ based aqueous electrolyte is used in varying Li+ concentration as electrolyte, where the role of Li+ in tuning the heterogeneous reaction is established by theory and experiments.2-4 It is observed that the HER activities of metals such as Pt, Ir, and Pd are suppressed by increasing Li+ concentration whereas that of Au, Fe, and Ni augmented with increasing Li+ concentration. Here the tunability in the metal-hydrogen (M-H) bonding energy with Li+ is experimentally and theoretically established, and the studies show that tunability in the HER properties of both noble and non-noble metals can be achieved irrespective of the pH (0 and 13) and counter ions (TFSI-, Cl-, ClO4-, NO3-and OH-) by tuning the M-H bond energy using Li+.
The authors acknowledge the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research for its financial support during the research. Anku Guha acknowledges Prof Dr Francisco Pelayo García de Arquer and ICFO, Barcelona, Spain for their support and the opportunity.
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