Proceedings of Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS) (NFM22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2022.173
Publication date: 11th July 2022
In recent years, the power conversion efficiency of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells has increased rapidly to values exceeding 18% and can largely be attributed to the development of non-fullerene acceptors, especially the ones with A-D-A structure. Many reports have highlighted the critical role of the photoactive layer nanoscale morphology in determining the power conversion efficiency. Therefore, this work takes a holistic approach to correlate the intrinsic molecular structure of each component in a ternary blend of an organic polymer donor with two non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), to the nanoscale morphology, and together to the phototophysical processes in these blend systems, in order to gain deeper insights as to the requirements for a more efficient device. We employed resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy as a sensitive probe of molecular structure to a) identify the effect of blending on the conformation of each component, b) to recognize any interactions that evolve between them, c) to probe the effect of NFA side chain substitution, and d) to assess the effect of thermal annealing treatment. Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) experiments revealed the extent of crystallinity of each material and the impact of blending and thermal annealing on the film macromolecular structure, complemented by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. We find that blending leads to loss of crystallinity of all the components in the films, which is, however, recovered with thermal annealing, but only for the polymer, leading to phase separation, and affecting the photoexcited species formed as probed by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy.
The authors would like to than the NFFA network for access to the Elettra Synchrontron and to the facilities at FORTH.
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