Proceedings of Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS) (NFM22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2022.143
Publication date: 11th July 2022
The toxicity of lead, the leaching problems, and the current regulations designed to limit or eliminate substances that are dangerous to the environment and to people, impose to move towards lead-free metal halide perovskites (MHPs). In addition, while MHPs have been thoroughly investigated for photovoltaics (PV) applications, it is now evident that their superior optical properties could be advantageously exploited in several other fields ranging from photodetectors to photocatalysis. Replacing lead with tin or germanium in 3D or 2D perovskites brings well-known stability issues, and the exploration of all-inorganic perovskite-derivatives containing bismuth or antimony may lead to problems of precursors solubility in wet-chemistry film deposition. Notwithstanding these possible obstacles, the PV application of tin-based MHPs has impressively increased in terms of efficiencies in the last few years. In order to further extend and exploit more recent applications of lead-free perovskites, a thorough experimental and computational structure-property correlation investigation should be provided with the aim of designing more stable and optimized materials. In this contribution we will present some recent studies devoted to the design, synthesis, and application of lead-free MHPs with a specific focus to fields beyond PV such as photocatalysis or photodetectors. Among other examples, we will show how, through a careful materials chemistry design, we could improve the water stability of tin and germanium-based MHPs perovskites and apply these characteristics to photocatalytic applications. The combined use of experimental and computational tools allowed to gain a significant comprehension on the mechanisms underpinning such features. At the basis of the results there is the possible manipulation of the compositional space provided for example by low-dimensional perovskites which can be beneficially used to modulate not only the optoelectronic properties but also the stability of these materials. Further examples will be focused on the application of physical vapor deposition techniques to afford the preparation of challenging all-inorganic lead-free perovskites and exploit their use in photodetectors.
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