Proceedings of Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS) (NFM22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2022.087
Publication date: 11th July 2022
Recently, organic photovoltaics (OPV) achieved efficiencies close to 20 % under AM1.5G. [1] In parallel OPV for harvesting artificial indoor light approaching efficiencies close to 30 % under 1000 lux warm white LED light. [2] In both cases the development of new donor and acceptor molecules as well as new interlayer materials was in the focus of interest, while the stability of OPV devices has drawn less attention. However, together with high performance the long-term stability of solar cells and modules is one of the key factors for a successful market entry. For indoor OPV the requirements are typically less harsh: much lower irradiation (UV light free), moderate and relatively constant temperature and moisture. Despite, the intrinsic stability of the materials, the stability of the full cell stack and the packaging have to be investigated.
For rigid devices a glass/glass encapsulation is probably the best choice, for flexible photovoltaics however, other solutions have to be found. Challenging are high barrier properties against moisture and oxygen while maintaining high transmission rates, UV resistance and mechanical flexibility (bendability without delamination).
We present stability data for different organic absorber materials in indium tin oxide (ITO)-based and ITO-free cell architectures on rigid and flexible substrates. [3] Our main focus is the long-term stability of devices for indoor usage, thus we performed accelerated (light) aging experiments under typical and elevated indoor light conditions.
For PV-X plus based ITO-free rigid cells with an efficiency of 17% under 500 lux, we could achieve remarkable stability with no losses observedduring more than 3000 h at 50.000 lux. This photon dose corresponds to almost 50 years at 500 lux which is much more than required for typical internet-of-things purposes. For flexible ITO-free devices promising preliminary data is obtained.
While elevated temperatures are typically not present in indoor PV, however for lamination processes temperatures of about 120 °C for shorter periods are required. We performed detailed analysis of the processes involved during thermal aging.
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