Proceedings of Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS) (NFM22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2022.086
Publication date: 11th July 2022
The insertion of heteroatoms with different electronegativity into a carbon network can greatly tune its electronic, optical, and electrochemical properties along with its chemical reactivity. The introduction of nitrogen and sulfur that serve as electron donors or boron as an electron withdrawing group, into a carbon structure will alter its electronic states, (electro)catalytic properties, and chemical stability to oxidation and to high temperatures. The traditional methods of synthesizing heteroatom-modified carbon matrices are carried out by solid state reactions, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and functionalization of the carbon materials. Although an impressive wide range of materials were synthesized by these methods, there are still some drawbacks that limit the progress in this field.
Herein we show a new, scalable, and easy way to synthesize heteroatom-incorporated carbon materials by means of molten-state intermediate. The molten-state intermediate is achieved by using molten precursors, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as carbon source and other molten precursors for the various heteroatoms e.g. elemental sulfur or ammonia-borane complex (NH3BH3). These precursors once heated above their melting point form the above-mentioned molten-state intermediate which induces strong covalent/coordination bonds between the heteroatoms and the sp2 carbon skeleton. This method enables the synthesis of BNCO, CS materials, transition-metal incorporated carbon/carbon-sulfur-oxide materials. The elemental composition is easily controlled within these materials (up to 30 wt.% boron, 20 wt.% sulfur, 30 wt.% nitrogen, while the transition metal ratio is kept within relevant materials) resulting in fine tuning of the materials properties. These materials show promising performance towards electrochemical OER, Na-ion and Li-ion batteries while illustrating the structure-activity relations.
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