Proceedings of Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS) (NFM22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2022.061
Publication date: 11th July 2022
Carbon is a key electrode material in energy-related applications. A large number of studies have revealed the importance of designing carbon electrodes in terms of their porous morphology. In most cases, porous carbons in a powdery form are produced, which are fixed on an electrode substrate by mixing with binders and conductive agents, resulting in so-called composite electrodes. These additives make it difficult to correlate physicochemical characteristics of an electrode material with electrochemical properties of a composite electrode thereof. In addition, it is impossible to control the porous morphology of a composite electrode because of the uncontrollable pore properties of interparticle gaps. In this context, free-standing and binder-free monolithic electrodes have advantages over the composite electrodes in the controllability of electrodes.
Sol–gel process is a powerful tool to tailor various porous structures at different length scales in a monolithic gel. Several strategies such as supramolecular self-assembly, hard templating, and phase separation have been developed to date. Among them, the sol–gel process accompanied by phase separation offers three-dimensionally interconnected macroporous structures with narrow pore size distribution [1], which contribute to efficient mass transport in a monolith. In addition, the combination of the phase separation method with other techniques allows us to introduce smaller pores in macropore frameworks resulting in a hierarchically porous structure [2,3].
In our research group, we have developed porous resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) gels based on the phase separation method. Carbon monoliths with controlled pore properties can be obtained by carbonization of the porous RF gels, which are available as free-standing and binder-free electrodes for energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors [3] and batteries [4,5]. The details about the syntheses, pore controls and electrochemical investigations of the monolithic carbon electrodes will be presented [6].
Financial support by JST FOREST Program (Grant Number JPMJFR2021, Japan) is acknowledged.
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