Proceedings of Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS) (NFM22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2022.035
Publication date: 11th July 2022
Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon catalysts are being developed and studied as alternative catalysts to platinum for catalyzing the O2 reduction reaction (ORR), in both acidic and alkaline media.1, 2 The beginning-of-life activity and performance of optimized M-N-C materials is now sufficiently high to raise interest at the application level in fuel cells (proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, PEMFC, and anion exchange membrane fuel cells, AEMFC), but this class of materials typically suffers from poor stability in acidic medium while the stability in operating environment in alkaline medium is still under-investigated.
This presentation will discuss the most recent understanding on the deactivation/degradation of M-N-C catalysts, highlighting in particular the negative effect of combined electrochemical potential and O2 observed in acidic medium, leading to a loss of active sites but also an oxidation of the carbon matrix. The different effects that Fenton reactions have in different pH conditions will also be shown, and how this explains very different stability trends during operation of such catalysts. Tracking of the fate of the single-atom Fe-N4 sites after operation in fuel cells will be shown to be possible with 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy acquired at low temperature, distinguishing clearly nano-Fe-oxides from Fe-N4 sites.3 Finally, an overview of the recent approaches taken towards improving the stability of M-N-C materials will be given.
References
(1) Osmieri, L.; Park, J.; Cullen, D.A.; Zelenay, P.; Myers, D.J.; Neyerlin, K.C.; Current Opinion in Electrochemistry 2021, 25, 100627.
(2) Firouzjaie, H.A.; Mustain, W.E.; ACS Catalysis 2020, 10, 225-334.
(3) Li, J. et al, Nature Catalysis 2021, 4, 10-19
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