Proceedings of Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS) (NFM22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2022.018
Publication date: 11th July 2022
Hybrid halide perovskites show heterogeneity at multiple length scales.[1] Cathodoluminescence (CL) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) can investigate semiconductor materials by scanning an electron beam over a semiconductor. By collecting the optical properties of the material during scanning, CL-SEM can elucidate structure-property relations of halide perovskites at sub-micrometer spatial resolution.
While most CL studies on perovskites have focused on the inorganic compositions, the characterization of hybrid (organic-inorganic) halide perovskites - including the highest-performing compositions - is limited due to their lower stability under the electron beam. To reduce beam damage, we used a pulsed electron-beam (PM) to measure hyperspectral maps of hybrid perovskite compositions.[2] When PM was used, the CL spectra strongly resembled that of pristine perovskite emission, suggesting the use of PM for more robust high spatial resolution spectral mapping of beam-sensitive hybrid halide perovskite materials.
In this presentation, a series of examples will be presented whereby PM and low-current CL aided in the study of luminescence of several different perovskite compositions. For example, the use of CL was crucial to understand the effect that focused ion beam milling has on the perovskite emission, generally considered to be a rough processing step for TEM specimen preparation. Using CL-SEM in PM, the perovskite layer in the lamellae was found to remain optically active, yet with a small blue-shift due to surface amorphization.[3]
Going beyond conventional high-current CL setups, used for traditional semiconductors, enables CL to start to play a role in resolving the complex heterogeneity of hybrid halide perovskites, and it could also enable the elucidation of many other novel beam sensitive “soft” semiconductors.
The main author acknowledges funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Nano Doctoral Training Centre (EP/L015978/1). The authors acknowledge the EPSRC (EP/R025193/1) and Attolight for supporting all CL studies.
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