Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting 2021 (NFM21)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2021.184
Publication date: 23rd September 2021
Despite that perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have witnessed remarkable progress in their external quantum efficiency (EQE) reaching values > 20%, and half-lifetimes > 100 hours, a clear understanding of the role of ion migration on the optoelectronics characteristics of the PeLED and its stability is still lacking. Here, we demonstrate that ion migration processes which occur on timescales spanning different orders of magnitude, from milliseconds to hours, dictate PeLED performance. These processes are either reversible such that they are repeated each time the PeLED is measured, or irreversible where the PeLED is permanently activated or degraded compared to its initial state.
we show how the current and electroluminescence (EL) signals vary temporally in response to electrical bias and the relation between the extracted PeLED parameters and those transients.[1] Then, by combining several experimental techniques such as transient photoluminescence, transient EL, electro-absorption, etc., with theoretical modelling, we were able to reach a simple physical model which explains the transient characteristics of the PeLED on different timescales, and relates them to migrating ionic species, most notable among them are the halides. Moreover, we show how ion migration plays an important role in PeLED degradation. By using several mitigation mechanisms such as using transport layers with good blocking properties, reducing Joule heating and device active area scaling, we demonstrate an operationally stable PeLED with half-lifetimes > 500 hours at 50 mA/cm2 and a peak EQE of 11.4% at 330 mA/cm2.[2, 3]
[1] Elkhouly, K., Gehlhaar, R., Genoe, J., Heremans, P., Qiu, W., Perovskite Light Emitting Diode Characteristics: The Effects of Electroluminescence Transient and Hysteresis. Adv. Optical Mater. 2020, 8, 2000941.
[2] Elkhouly, K., Goldberg, I., Boyen, H.-G., Franquet, A., Spampinato, V., Ke, T.-H., Gehlhaar, R., Genoe, J., Hofkens, J., Heremans, P., Qiu, W., Operationally Stable Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes with High Radiance. Adv. Optical Mater. 2021, 9, 2100586.
[3] Goldberg, I., Qiu, W., Elkhouly, K., Annavarapu, N., Mehta, A.N., Rolin, C., Ke, T.H., Gehlhaar, R., Genoe, J. and Heremans, P., Active area dependence of optoelectronic characteristics of perovskite LEDs. Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 2021.
The authors acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement № 835133, ULTRA-LUX) and funding from European Regional Development Fund (project No 01.2.2-LMT-K-718-03-0048) under grant agreement with the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT). W.Q. would like to thank the financial support of the postdoctoral fellowship grant from FWO.
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