Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting 2021 (NFM21)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2021.173
Publication date: 23rd September 2021
Progress in perovskites solar cells has shown that internal conversion efficiency can be as high as 26% in 2021. The commercialization of these solar cells is hampered by stability, reproducibility, and scalability. Through sequential physical vapor deposition (SPVD), we have demonstrated reproducible and stable halide perovskites thin films for solar cells. Thin films such as methylammonium lead tri-iodide (MAPbI3), methylammonium lead tri-bromide (MAPbBr3), methylammonium lead iodide-bromide (MAPb(I1-xBrx)3), and cesium lead tri-iodide (CsPbI3) have been synthesized. The MAPbBr3 films were found to be more durable on certain metal surfaces than on others [1]. Gold-zinc (Au-Zn) substrates exhibit the highest degree of film stability, while aluminum (Al) substrates display the lowest degree of film stability [1]. Besides, previous results revealed that MAPbI3 produced a more efficient solar cell on zinc oxide (ZnO) electron transport layer (ETL) than on titanium dioxide [2]. However, MAPbI3 rapidly degrades to lead iodide during post-annealing [3]. By SPVD, no post-annealing step was required to promote the degradation of the MAPbI3. Thus, SPVD presents a promise towards large-scale, reproducible, and stable halide perovskite thin-film materials for solar cells.
Keywords: methylammonium lead tri-iodide, methylammonium lead tri-bromide, sequential physical vapor deposition, methylammonium lead iodide-bromide, cesium lead tri-iodide, stability, perovskite solar cells.
The authors wish to thank the University of Pretoria; and the National Research Foundation: Grant Cost Centre N0115/115463 for the SARChI financial support.
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