Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting 2021 (NFM21)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2021.172
Publication date: 23rd September 2021
Our sequential physical vapor deposited methylammonium lead tri-iodide (MAPbI3) thin films and solar cells have shown remarkable resilience (hardness) under high energy (5.5 MeV) alpha radiation beams from americium 241 (241Am). Analyses of the structural, optical, morphological, and photoelectric properties of the perovskite thin films and solar cells with and without irradiation with alpha particles (He2+) were performed. An increase in crystallinity and a decrease in compression micro-strain of tetragonal MAPbI3 with an increased flux of He2+ were observed after XRD analysis. In the UV-Vis absorption spectrum, there was little change in absorbance up to a flux of 7.36 x 1012 He2+ cm-2. The decrease in bandgap for the irradiated films paralleled the non-irradiated up to a fluence of 3.07 x 1012 He2+cm-2, after that, there was a large difference. Photographs taken with a digital camera showed visible changes on the thin irradiated films at fluence levels exceeding 3.07 x 1012 He2+ cm-2 and electron micrographs confirmed that the changes are a result of pits forming in grains. The performances of irradiated and non-irradiated hole transport layer-free solar cells were monitored for the same period. A reduction in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 6.56% to 6.42%, which is not significant, was observed up to a radiation dose of 1.23 x 1012 He2+ cm-2, thereafter, a substantial drop from 6.42% to 4.75% as the flux increased to 7.36 x 1012 He2+ cm-2. In contrast, the non-irradiated solar cell experienced a reduction in PCE from 6.39% to 6.23% within 48 hours, and as the time interval increased to 288 hours, there was a gradual decline from 6.23% to 5.70%. Based on what we found, MAPbI3 thin films can withstand He2+doses up to 3.07 x 1012 He2+ cm-2, and MAPbI3 solar cells can withstand doses up to 1.23 x 1012 He2+ cm-2 in space and He2+ environments.
Keywords: Methylammonium lead tri-iodide perovskite, sequential physical vapor deposition, He2+irradiation, perovskite solar cells, remarkable resilience, space environment, and He2+ environments.
The authors wish to thank the University of Pretoria; and the Externally Funded UP Post-Doctoral Fellowship Programme: Grant Cost Centre N0115/115463 for the SARChI financial support.
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