Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting 2021 (NFM21)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2021.046
Publication date: 23rd September 2021
In n-i-p type perovskite solar cells, during the oxidation of Spiro-OMeTAD layer, on the one hand, the diffusion of Li+ towards surface of Ag electrode completes the electrochemical cycle and increases conductivity of hole-transporting layer. On the other hand, the migration of Li+ through the perovskite layer into SnO2, which supposedly leads to increase of the built-in voltage. [1] This type solar cells suffer an unpredictable catastrophic failure under operation, which is a barrier for commercialization. The fluorescence enhancement at Ag electrode edge and performance recovery after cutting the Ag electrode edge off proved that the shunting position is mainly located at the edge of device. SEM and TOF-SIMS analyses proved the corrosion of the Ag electrode and the diffusion of Ag+ ions on the edge for the aged cells. Moreover, much condensed and larger Ag clusters formed on the MoO3 layer. Such a contrast was also observed while comparing the central and the edge of the Ag/Spiro-OMeTAD film. Hence, the catastrophic failure mechanism can be concluded as: photon-induced decomposition of the perovskite film causes the formation of reactive iodide species, which diffuse and react with the loose Ag clusters on the edge of the cell. The corrosion of Ag electrode and the migration of Ag+ ions into Spiro-OMeTAD and perovskite films leads to the forming of conducting filament that shunts the cell. The more condensed Ag cluster on the MoO3 surface as well as the blocking of holes within the Spiro-OMeTAD/MoO3 interface successfully prevent the oxidation of Ag electrode and suppress the catastrophic failure.[2]
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2016YFA0200700), Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. YJKYYQ20180029, CAS-ITRI 2019010, and 2020VCA0012), and Jiangsu Science and Technology Program (SBX2019010084). R.Ö. acknowledges the Jane and Aatos Erkko foundation through the ASPIRE project.
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