Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting 2021 (NFM21)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2021.019
Publication date: 23rd September 2021
The key point in fabricating homogenous and pinhole-free metal halide perovskite films is controlling the nucleation and crystal growth process. For scalable coating and printing techniques, vacuum and gas flow-assisted drying processes turn out to be the most promising methods to induce favorable nucleation and crystallization. But, the exact interplay and nature of these processes are mostly unclear.
Our work provides the first deep insights into the crystallization dynamics of inkjet-printed metal halide perovskite thin films by optical in-situ monitoring [1,2]. We shed light on the so-called vacuum drying process, which enabled us to identify a novel process to print high-quality perovskite thin films. Contrary to the previously accepted notion that vacuum drying is the main contributor to perovskite crystallization, a decisive crystallization process is induced by the additional flow of gas over the sample. Moreover, we can show that this gas flow induces oriented crystallization during layer formation employing grazing incidence x-ray diffraction. The controlled preferential layer formation provides an effective route to fabricate high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. Utilizing this gas flow-assisted vacuum drying process, we find that regular, optically dense and pinhole-free MHP layers can be fabricated via inkjet printing, which yields solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 16%, as compared to 4.5% for vacuum drying.
Nevertheless, further detailed analysis is necessary to fully understand the formation and nucleation process, and with this, establish the process to achieve performing larger area solar cells.
This work was carried out in the framework of the Joint Lab GEN_FAB and with the support of the Helmholtz Innovation Lab HySPRINT. Additionally, funding is acknowledged from the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (grant no. 03XP0091) and PEROSEED (ZT-0024) project.
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