Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting 2021 (NFM21)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2021.018
Publication date: 23rd September 2021
Rechargeable battery technology, for example Li ion batteries (LIBs), has attracted much attention as demand for their use in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and so on has increased. To further improve the device performance, a deeper understanding of their working mechanisms is essential to gain valuable insights into design guidelines. In general, evaluations of a battery are performed by electrochemical measurements, including charge/discharge tests and cyclic voltammetry (CV). These macroscopic characterizations are the first necessary steps for grasping the battery performance but for investigating device working principles from fundamental aspects, additional direct microscopic analyses are desired, which clarifies how local electrochemical reactions proceed during the electrochemical measurements.
In this work, we have developed a method based on Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) that enables dynamically imaging the change of potential distribution in an operating electrochemical device and used it for characterizing an all-solid-state Li ion battery (ASS-LIB)[1,2]. Experiments were conducted on the cross-section of the ASS-LIB with the KPFM setup equipped with an electrochemical measurement system. We continuously obtained CPD images at the cathode composite region during a CV operation of the ASS-LIB.
Our results clarified that electrochemical reactions proceeded non-uniformly from the outer electrode side in the charging process while those in the discharging process progressed uniformly over the composite electrode. Furthermore, from a direct comparison of the variation in the internal potential distribution with the CV characteristic, we demonstrated that the difference in the local electrochemical reactions can be explained by the change in the condition of the electronic conductive path network in the composite electrode, arising from the change of the electronic conductivity of the cathode active material due to charging/discharging reactions (Li-ion extraction and insertion).
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