Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting19 (NFM19)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2019.237
Publication date: 18th July 2019
Polymer solar cells are nowadays amongst the most promising photovoltaic approaches for next generation PV applications as efficiencies have been increased over the last years over 16 % by the raising of new non-fullerene acceptors (NFA). [1] For their industrialization there are still remaining challenges related to large scale fully solution processing of high efficiency solar cells as record efficiency are obtained only at very small areas using hole extraction layers based on evaporated MoOx. Solution-processable Hole Extraction ( SHEL) materials compatible with the new NFA materials are not yet studied and are thus one of the major challenges today. Commercially existing solution for SHELs are based on PEDOT:PSS and alternatives are needed as PEDOT:PSS is not compatible with many NFAs as will be shown in this work. Semiconducting metal oxide are promising hole extraction layers in photovoltaic devices because of their potentially superior electronic properties and stability compared to the organic materials. Among these, MoOx, WOx, GO and NiOx are well studied for hole extraction but suffer from high resistivity, which limits their application to only very thin layers. However, creating metal vacancies and doping with some elements can improve their conductivity. [2] Several chemical and physical methods were reported for the preparation of these oxides but to meet the requirements for large-scale, low cost and roll-to-roll production, the solution processable methods are more desirable.
Here we present a highly efficient SHEL based NiOx nanoparticles using different dopants (Li, Cu, and Sn) dispersed in isopropanol. The initial low work function of theses doped materials was further increased by doping the nanocrystal solutions with an organic acceptor, namely F4-TCNQ. [3] Theses hybrid NiOx SHELs allow replacing PEDOT:PSS with comparable device performance in normal device structures in fullerene based solar cells. High efficiency polymer solar cells based on NFAs reaching efficiency over 12% using evaporated MoOx as hole extraction layer are used to study the impact of the NiOx doping on the performance depending on the device structure, stability, air and thick layer processing of these novel SHEL inks compared to PEDOT:PSS.
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