Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting19 (NFM19)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2019.105
Publication date: 18th July 2019
In a very short time span, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached 24%, a massive improvement for solution-processed photovoltaic devices. Towards this end, both surface and bulk recombination of photogenerated charge carriers in the perovskite absorber layer is the major efficiency-limiting factors. [1] In this respect, controlling the growth and crystallization of the perovskite thin film is crucial for the performance of the perovskite solar cells as the crystal growth dynamics are very susceptible to the processing conditions [2]. Interestingly, some studies report a beneficial effect from water inclusion during processing, while others claim an adverse effect. Moreover, the effect of humidity and light exposure on the performance of PSCs is still debated. In this study, we fabricated, using a two-step protocol, MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells with SnO2 electron transport layers to study how the device performance and photophysics change upon exposure to humidity and light. Reference devices, not exposed to humidity and light, exhibit 18.7 % PCE with 22.6 mA/cm2 short-circuit current density (Jsc) and 1.14 V open circuit voltage (Voc). After exposing the perovskite absorber layer to 45-55% relative humidity under 1-sun illumination prior to completing the device fabrication, a reduction in Voc to 1.09 V was observed. We study the influence of excess lead iodide (PbI2), which is commonly believed to be passivating the PSCs, on the humidity resistance of MAPbI3 devices. While the Voc value of samples with excess-PbI2 was lowered to 1.10V, we did not observe any change in Jsc. Since Voc losses can be attributed to non-radiative recombination, we performed time-resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL) spectroscopy before and after humid air exposure of perovskite thin films under 1-sun illumination. We will discuss in detail how the exposure to humid air under illumination alters the surface structure of the perovskite samples, affects the device performance, and the photophysical processes.
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