Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting 2018 (NFM18)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2018.224
Publication date: 6th July 2018
Electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) and its derivative methods are an essential set of tools to study ionic solid materials and to help understand the difficulties in the design of new materials for next generation battery systems and their aging behavior.
A variation of the standard ESM proposed by Balke et al. was developped. We studied the diffusion-migration behavior of Li ions in nanostructured silicon anodes. In standard ESM, the Li-ions in the volume underneath the AFM tip are excited by an alternating electrical field and cause a movement of the sample surface. Contrary to the standard ESM our approach applies a longer voltage step of several milliseconds with an AC voltage overlaid. This does not only lead to a vibration of the ions but also to a change in ion concentration in the vicinity of the AFM tip. The correlated volume expansion and the amplitude in sample height increase are extracted for every image point using Matlab. The Silicon anodes were cycled against Lithium.
Electrodes before and after cycling were analysed. In the ESM images, phases with different diffusion-migration coefficients appear. High initial diffusion-migration coefficiants and Li-concentration are assumed to depend on the crystal orientation. The fresh electrode has areas with high Li-concentration and well separated areas with no signal, whereas in the aged sample the Li-concentration dropped significantly. In conclusion, the observed capacity loss can be explained by the loss of Lithium ions.
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