Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting 2018 (NFM18)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2018.219
Publication date: 6th July 2018
Lead halide perovskites have long been known to be ionic and electronic semiconductors.1, 2 Recently, lead halide perovskite have revolutionized the photovoltaics field with impressive efficiencies reaching ~23 %. Unlike most photoactive materials, ionic conductivity plays a key role in perovskites during photovoltaic device operation. In this presentation it is described how to characterize the ionic properties of lead halide perovskites by advanced electrical and optical techniques.3 Approaches to minimize the electronic contribution to the measured current are used so the ionic current can be probed. For example, Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) reveals the characteristic signature of ionic diffusion in monocrystalline devices which do not contain HTL. This is the Warburg element and transmission line equivalent circuit in MAPbBr3 and ion accumulation at the MAPbBr3/Au interface typical for non-reactive contacts. Alternatively, measurements of confocal photoluminescence (PL) in interdigitated electrodes as a function of the applied bias reveals that the ionic movement dramatically modifies the PL emission properties that also allows the calculation of the diffusion coefficient of the material.4
References
1. Kuku, T. A.; Salau, A. M., Electrical conductivity of CuSnI3, CuPbI3 and KPbI3. Solid State Ionics 1987, 25, 1-7.
2. Kuku, T. A., Ionic transport and galvanic cell discharge characteristics of CuPbI3 thin films. Thin Solid Films 1998, 325, 246-250.
3. Peng, W.; Aranda, C.; Bakr, O. M.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Bisquert, J.; Guerrero, A., Quantification of Ionic Diffusion in Lead Halide Perovskite Single Crystals. ACS Energy Lett. 2018, 1477-1481.
4. Li, C.; Guerrero, A.; Zhong, Y.; Gräser, A.; Luna, C. A. M.; Köhler, J.; Bisquert, J.; Hildner, R.; Huettner, S., Real-Time Observation of Iodide Ion Migration in Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskites. Small 2017, 13, 1701711.
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