Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting 2018 (NFM18)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2018.169
Publication date: 6th July 2018
In a solar cell, an ideally selective electron (hole) contact would only exchange electrons (holes) with the conduction (valence) band of the absorber material. This would ensure that no losses occur due to surface recombination
and the open-cicuit voltage would be determined solely by generation and recombination in the bulk. We had shown that selectivity depends on the conductivity of the minority carriers in the vicinity of the contacts [1].
Introducing this general concept allows also to show that a solar cell does not require an electric field in the dark und thus that Voc can be much larger than the built-in voltage. After that different approaches will be discussed how to achieve a high degree of contact selectivity in solar cells such as the mobility junction, the pn junction, the heterojunction and more recent concepts such as thin layers with strong dipole moment altering the effective work function of the electrode [2,3]. Results from intensity and temperature-dependent measurements in combination with numerical simulations will be discussed in detail. Finally, examples from our own labs shall demonstrate which phenomena can arise from the selectivcity of the contacts in the case of silicon, organic and perovskite solar cells [4,5].
[1] U. Würfel, A. Cuevas, P. Würfel, IEEE J. Photovoltaics 5 (2015), 461
[2] U. Würfel et al., Adv. Energy Mater. 6 (2016), 1600594
[3] C. Reichel, U. Würfel et al., J. Appl. Phys. 123 (2018), 024505
[4] J. Reinhardt, M. Grein, C. Bühler, M. Schubert and U. Würfel, Adv. Energy Mater. 4 (2014), 1400081
[5] A. Spies, T. Sarkar, M. List and U. Würfel Adv. Energy Mater. 7 (2017), 1601750
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