Dye Precursor Molecules on NiO(001) Studied by Non-Contact Atomic Force Microscopy
Sara Freund a, Antoine Hinaut a, Edwin C. Constable b, Ernst Meyer a, Catherine Housecroft b, Thilo Glatzel a
a Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse, 82, Basel, Switzerland
b Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse, 51, Basel, Switzerland
Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting 2018 (NFM18)
S10 Scanning Probe Microscopy for Energy Applications
Torremolinos, Spain, 2018 October 22nd - 26th
Organizers: Sascha Sadewasser and Rüdiger Berger
Invited Speaker, Thilo Glatzel, presentation 033
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2018.033
Publication date: 6th July 2018

The properties of NiO, such as charge transport or optoelectronic characteristics, can be modified by functionalization with organic molecules. These kinds of organic/inorganic surfaces are of great interest, in particular, for the design of hybrid devices like dye sensitized solar cells [1]. However, a key parameter in the design of optimized interfaces is not only the choice of the compounds but also the properties of adsorption. Thus, fundamental studies of such hybrid systems at the nanoscale are desirable. So far, characterization of adsorbates at ambient temperature through spectroscopy techniques, such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, has been limited to large agglomerates or self- assembled molecules. Recently, first studies of the adsorption properties of single molecules on NiO measured by force microscopy at low temperatures have been published [2]. This limit can be stretched to the level of individual adsorbates measured by means of non-contact atomic force microscopy at room temperature.

We investigated the deposition of a 2,2´-bipyridine based molecule, functionalized with carboxylic acid anchoring domains on a NiO(001) single crystal surface [3]. Depending on the coverage, single molecules, groups of adsorbates with random or recognizable shapes, or islands of closely packed molecules could be identified. Single molecules and self assemblies, as visible in the image on the right side, are resolved with submolecular resolution showing that they are lying flat on the surface with the 2,2´-bipyridine in a trans-conformation. Only in the close-packed form was a measurable charge transfer from the NiO to the molecular layer of 0.3 electrons per molecule observed independent on the molecular orientation of the islands.

[1] C. Wood et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18 (2016) 10727.
[2] A. Schwarz et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 117 (2013) 1105.
[3] S. Freund et al., submitted to ACS Nano (2017).

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