Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting 2018 (NFM18)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2018.027
Publication date: 6th July 2018
Impressive photovoltaic conversion efficiencies have been achieved within a very short time span with solar cells based on metal halide perovskites. Such a development is especially remarkable given the low temperature preparation methods used for these materials.1 It is generally accepted that defects must be “benign” and thus allow for high-quality devices despite low temperature synthesis. Relatedly, doping in halide perovskites has been achieved by intrinsic defects, however with very limited control over doping levels and spatial profiles.
We will discuss how the soft nature of halide perovskites contributes to the unusual optoelectronic properties.2 For doping via intrinsic defects, we developed a procedure to control and determine the exact stoichiometry of halide perovskite films from infrared spectroscopy, which allows us to quantify the MA content in the films. We present the first perovskite-perovskite homojunction obtained by vacuum deposition of stoichiometrically-tuned methylammonium lead iodide films and devices based thereon.3 We analyzed the resulting thin film junctions by cross-sectional scanning Kelvin probe microscopy, and found a pronounced contact potential difference at the interface between the two differently doped perovskite layers.
[1] David Egger, Achintya Bera, David Cahen, Gary Hodes, Thomas Kirchartz, Leeor Kronik, Robert Lovrincic, Andrew Rappe, David Reichman, and Omer Yaffe. What Remains Unexplained about the Properties of Halide Perovskites? Advanced Materials, 30 (20):800691, 2018.
[2] Michael Sendner, Pabitra K. Nayak, David A. Egger, Sebastian Beck, Christian Müller, Bernd Epding, Wolfgang Kowalsky, Leeor Kronik, Henry J. Snaith, Annemarie Pucci, and Robert Lovrincic. Optical Phonons in Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskites and Implications for Charge Transport. Materials Horizons, 3:613–620, 2016.
[3] Benedikt Dänekamp, Christian Müller, Michael Sendner, Pablo P. Boix, Michele Sessolo, Robert Lovrincic, and Henk Bolink. Perovskite-Perovskite homojunctions via Compositional Doping. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 9:2770, 2018.
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