Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting 2018 (NFM18)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2018.008
Publication date: 6th July 2018
Photovoltaic devices based on hybrid metal halide perovskites are rapidly improving in power conversion efficiency. While these materials are generally viewed as three-dimensional, the effects of nano-scale interfaces within the bulk films are still poorly understood. Such interfaces may appear between the perovskite layers and the charge extraction layers, or within the perovskite layers, at grain boundaries, of when passivating or hydrophobic interlayers are included.
We show here that photon reabsorption in lead iodide perovskite layers is strongly influenced by layer thickness and interfaces formed with charge-extraction layers[1]. Such photon re-absorption is found to reduce the apparent bi-molecular charge-carrier recombination rate constant with increasing film thickness, while the intrinsic value can be fully explained as the inverse process of absorption[2].
In addition, we discuss the role of nanoscale interfaces[3,4], energetic disorder[5], and passivating interlayers[6] on the dynamics of charge-carriers in various metal halide perovskites. Lowering of the perovskite dimensionality is shown to have effects similar to those known for classic inorganic semiconductors, such as enhancing bimolecular and Auger recombination and reducing trap-mediated recombination through surface passivation. Such extrinsic effects will also reduce the charge-carrier mobility below the maximum attainable value near 100cm2/(Vs) for MAPbI3[7].
[1] T. W. Crothers, R. L. Milot, J. B. Patel, E. S. Parrott, J. Schlipf, P. Müller-Buschbaum, M. B. Johnston, and L. M. Herz,Nano Lett. 17, 5782 (2017).
[2] C. L. Davies, M. R. Filip, J. B. Patel, T. W. Crothers, C. Verdi, A. D. Wright, R. L. Milot, F. Giustino, M. B. Johnston, and L. M. Herz, Nature Communications 9, 293 (2018).
[3] D. P. McMeekin, Z. Wang, W. Rehman, F. Pulvirenti, J. B. Patel, N. K. Noel, S. R. Marder, M. B. Johnston, L. M. Herz, and H. J. Snaith, Adv. Mater., 29 (2017), p. 1607039.
[4] R. L. Milot, R. J. Sutton, G. E. Eperon, A. A. Haghighirad, J. M. Hardigree, L. Miranda, H. J. Snaith, M. B. Johnston, and L. M. Herz, Nano Letters, 16 (2016), pp. 7001-7007.
[5] A. D. Wright, R. L. Milot, G. E. Eperon, H. J. Snaith, M. B. Johnston, and L. M. Herz, Adv. Func. Mater., 27 (2017), p. 1700860.
[6] Z. Wang, Q. Lin, F. P. Chmiel, N. Sakai, L. M. Herz, and H. J. Snaith, Nature Energy, 2 (2017), p. 17135.
[7] L. M. Herz, ACS Energy Lett., 2 (2017), pp. 1539-1548.
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