Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting 2018 (NFM18)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2018.005
Publication date: 6th July 2018
Energy materials provide a large multitude interfaces with inhomogeneously distributed reaction rates often directly dictating their functional properties.1 Local characterization for deriving structure reactivity relationships can be achieved by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) but poses a set of challenges:
Composite materials make preparation of smooth uniform surfaces impossible. SECM studies have to deal with rough and even porous electrodes as in the case of dye-sensitized solar cells2 and gas-diffusion electrodes for fuel cells and lithium-oxygen batteries.3
Shielding reactive surfaces from a typical laboratory environment may be mandatory.1 Selective passivation has been studied negative electrodes in lithium-ion batteries (pyrolytic graphite,4 graphite composite5 and lithium).6
SECM can be used to distinguish between different parallel reaction pathways as has been demonstrated for gas diffusion electrodes.
Entirely new opportunities are enabled by liquid-liquid interfaces which can be chemically polarized to support light driven reaction. Photochemically active materials can be arranged and regenerated at these soft interfaces.7
Important contributions of my PhD students and Postdocs H. Bülter, P. Schwager, E. dos Santos Sardinha, S. Scarabina, I. Schmidt, I. Plettenberg, S. Rastgar and cooperation partners F. Peters, D. Fensker, J. Schwenzel (IFAM), M. Stenard, M. Wilkening (TU Graz) are gratefully acknowledged. Funding: DFG, State of Lower Saxony, Humboldt Foundation and the Conselho Nacional Brazil.
1 Bülter, Schwager, Fenske, Wittstock, Electrochim. Acta, 2016, 199, 366.
2 Shen, Nonomura, Schlettwein, Zhao, Wittstock, Chem. Eur. J., 2006, 12, 5832; Tefashe, Nonomura, Vlachopoulos, Hagfeldt, Wittstock, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2012, 116, 4316; Ellis, Schmidt, Hagfeldt, Wittstock, Boschloo; J. Phys. Chem. C 2015, 119, 21775; Schmidt, Plettenberg, Kimmich, Ellis, Witt, Dosche, Wittstock, Electrochim. Acta, 2016, 222, 735.
3 Schwager, Dongmo, Fenske, Wittstock, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 10774; Schulte, Liu, Plettenberg, Kuhri, Lüke, Lehnert, Wittstock; J. Electrochemcial Soc. 2017, 164, F873.
4 Bülter, Peters, Wittstock, Energy Technol. 2016, 4, 1486.
5 Bülter, Peters, Schwenzel Wittstock, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2014, 53, 10531–10535; Schwager, Bülter, Plettenberg, Wittstock; Energy Technol. 2016, 4, 1472.
6 Bülter, Peters, Schwenzel, Wittstock; J. Electrochem. Soc. 2015, 162, A7024.
7 Rastgar, Pilarski Wittstock, Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 11382–11385; Rastgar, Wittstock, J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121, 25961.
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