Proceedings of nanoGe September Meeting 2017 (NFM17)
Publication date: 20th June 2016
In 2011, the first two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx nanosheet was exfoliated from Ti3AlC2 bulk crystal in hydrofluoric acid, which brought a new family of 2D materials called MXene to the stage of scientific research. The starting materials, MAX phases, are ternary carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides with a Mn+1AXn (n=1, 2, 3) formula, where M represents an early transition metal, A is predominantly element of group IIIA or IVA and X is C or N element. The term “MXene” is derived from selective etching of A-group from MAX phase and the resultant graphene-like nanosheet. The surfaces of MXenes are always terminated with -F, -OH or =O groups, hence, the MXene is referred to as Mn+1XnTx, where T represents the surface group and x is the corresponding number. This new material family is already attracting significant interest because of its excellent properties, especially for Ti3C2Tx, which could be applied to various fields, such as transparent conductive electrodes, environmental remediation, electromagnetic interference absorption and shielding, energy storage and electrocatalysis. Up to now, two main mature but dangerous etching routes of Ti3AlC2: hydrofluoric acid etching and hydrochloric acid/lithium fluoride etching, and other trials using fluorides and bifluorides, nevertheless are still with high hazards. Herein, we aim to develop a safely efficient etching protocol: hydrothermal synthesis of MXene using calcium sulfide or sodium formate as etchant, which is also a fluoride-free method, followed by sonication-assisted liquid exfoliation. Finally the Ti3C2Tx film is obtained by pulsed laser deposition-assisted technique, and its applications in environmental remediation and energy storage will be explored.
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