Proceedings of September Meeting 2016 (NFM16)
Publication date: 14th June 2016
Doping of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with lanthanide or transition metal ions is a promising route to incorporate new optical and magnetic properties in nanocrystals. Incorporation of lanthanide (Ln3+) ions into QDs combines the strong and size tunable absorption of QDs with the efficient narrow line emission of lanthanides ions in the visible and infrared.
Despite a considerable number of publications report the incorporation and luminescence of Ln3+ ions inside or at the surface of QDs, doping of QDs with Ln3+ ions remains challenging. Mainly because Ln3+ ions have a preference for sites with a high coordination number and therefore are not easily substituted on a tetrahedral site in a zinc blende or wurtzite crystal lattice. Moreover, the necessity for charge compensation in the case of II-VI and differences in ionic radii in the case of III-V QDs make successful incorporation difficult.
In this study, we successfully incorporated Yb3+ ions in cadmium selenide (CdSe) and indium phosphide (InP) QDs using a three step synthesis; synthesis of QDs, integration of the dopant ions on the QDs surface, and shell overgrowth. Yb3+ is chosen as the lanthanide ion due to its simple electronic structure and IR emission (≈1000 nm), well separated from the QD emission. Luminescence spectra demonstrate successful coupling of Yb3+ ions to both InP and CdSe QDs. In both cases Yb3+ emission is observed and the typical excitonic features of the QDs hosts are present in the excitation spectrum of the Yb3+ emission. Providing direct evidence for energy transfer from the QDs to the Yb3+ ions. Moreover, a red shift accompanied with an increased lifetime is observed after shell growth in de case of CdSe:Yb3+ QDs, showing that Yb3+ is coupled to the QDs and decoupled from surface ligands. These results indicate successful incorporation of Yb3+ ions into the CdSe QDs. In the case of InP:Yb3+ QDs no clear increase of the Yb3+ emission life time is observed after shell growth, indicating that the Yb3+ ions are probably located at the surface of the InP QDs.
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