Proceedings of September Meeting 2016 (NFM16)
Publication date: 14th June 2016
Ferroelectricity is an interesting property for photovoltaic solar cells as it assists a permanent electrical polarization which may enhance the charge transport and may modify the electrical behavior of interfaces improving the efficiency of solar cells. Theoretically, the ferroelectric polarization affects the transport in semiconductors by means of shifts in the band bending [1, 2]. From experimental works, [3] polarization-modulated Schottky-like barriers at metal/ferroelectric interfaces produce a switchable rectifying behavior in a ferroelectric thin layer. Thus, controlling the polarization with an external field allows to electrically tuning charge transport and hence reaching unidirectional electric conduction.
In this work, we outline the physical principles and mechanisms of solar ferroelectric semiconductors for photovoltaic solar energy conversion. We have included ferroelectric effects in the physical model of a solar cell. Our analyses provide a general picture of the influence of ferroelectric effects on the actual power conversion efficiency of the solar cell device, and we are able to assess whether these effects or their combinations are beneficial or counterproductive. Effects associated to both the ferroelectric polarization surface polarization charges and the spatial dependent polarization are necessary in order to interpret experimental J-V curves obtained so far.
[1] Kirchartz, T.; Bisquert, J.; Mora-Sero, I. and Garcia-Belmonte G. Classification of solar cells according to mechanisms of charge separation and charge collection. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17, 4007.
[2] Blom, P. W. M.; Wolf, R. M.; Cillessen, J. F. M.; Krijn, M. P. C. M. Ferroelectric Schottky Diode. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1994, 73, 2107-2110.
[3] Yi, H. T.; Choi, T.; Choi, S. G.; Oh, Y. S.; Cheong, S. W. Mechanism of the Switchable Photovoltaic Effect in Ferroelectric BiFeO3. Adv. Mat. 2011, 23, 3403-3407.
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