Proceedings of September Meeting 2016 (NFM16)
Publication date: 14th June 2016
The preparation of kesterite and chalcoyprite absorbers by vacuum-based deposition of a precursor followed by reactive annealing is a well established process resulting in device efficiencies of more than 20%. Printing of the precursors could have certain advantages with respect to raw material usage and equipment cost. Inkjet printing in particular could offer high resolution, localized deposition for new device architectures. Previous work on printed absorbers and solution based processes for the deposition of buffer layers shows good device performance. However, it was based mostly on technologies which are not suitable for local deposition and/or used problematic chemicals. Inkjet printing places certain restrictions on ink formulation to prevent print head corrosion and nozzle clogging. Adjustable ink viscosity is another key requirement. In our contribution we will review the formulation of air stable, inkjet capable inks for absorbers and buffers using simple and readily available chemicals. We will show aspects of the reaction sequence from ink to final film using optimized annealing procedures. Contamination of the films by precursor residues has been studied by XPS. Absorber and buffer were tested individually in devices where the remaining layers were prepared by our baseline vacuum-based processes. The buffer layer seems to be completely functional. The absorber layers reach relevant efficiencies, higher than previously reported for inkjet printing, and feasible routes to further improvement can be deduced from current results. Closing the gap to the vacuum-based processes is nevertheless going to be a challenging task.
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