Proceedings of September Meeting 2016 (NFM16)
Publication date: 14th June 2016
Core and valence based X-ray spectroscopies host many well-established element specific methods to study the electronic structure of materials and to reveal information, such as oxidation state, ligand field strength, and charge transfer effects. However, when it comes to investigations with soft X-rays, which are required to study, e.g., the L-edges of transition metals like cobalt and iron or the K-edges of light elements like oxygen and nitrogen, the experimental requirements are often more challenging compared to hard X-ray based spectroscopies. Since soft X-rays are strongly absorbed by air, experiments have to be carried out under vacuum conditions. Whereas for solid samples this requirement is straight forward, more sophisticated experimental setups are required for investigating solution or interface processes between solid and liquid. Indeed, liquids often play a significant role for studying functional materials in a realistic environment as, e.g., materials for electrochemical or catalytic applications under in-situ or operando conditions. For such purpose we developed specific in-situ/operando cells for investigating such materials in direct contact with liquids as an electrolyte solution and under applied voltage using e.g. soft X-ray absorption and soft X-ray emission spectroscopy.[1] In this talk several experimental approaches will be presented together with recent applications on water oxidation catalysts.
References: [1] C. Schwanke, R. Golnak, J. Xiao and K. M. Lange; Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 103120 (2014)
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