Proceedings of nanoGe September Meeting 2015 (NFM15)
Publication date: 8th June 2015
The precursor of solution-processed methylammonium lead halide perovskite (MAPbI3) thin films has been identified as one of the most critical step in making high power conversion efficiency devices and different strategies have been employed to deal this critical step, such as diverse processing techniques (one-step or two-step solution deposition), addition of Cl-, different solvents, starting materials, chemical additives, etc.
In this context, chlorinated-alkylammonium salts, such as CH3NH3Cl (MACl) or NH4Cl, have been widely used to improve the coverage of alkylammonium lead halide perovskites thin-films, leading to more efficient solar cells.[1] The “chemical additives” engineering has proven to be one of the best strategies to control the film morphology and crystallinity of those perovskites,[2] although their actuation mechanisms are not well understood yet. A recent paper highlight that the solution precursors are in fact colloidal suspensions of [- PbIx -…- PbIx -]n units surrounded by dissolved methylammonium cations, whose colloidal size affects the resulting film formation and it can be tuned as a function of MACl precursor concentration.[3]
In this work, we study for first time the role of mixed chlorinated-alkylammonium additives (MACl:NH4Cl in different ratios) on MAPbI3 solar cells. The effect of these additives has been previously reported separately, reaching up-to 10 % efficient solar cells. Herein, we found that mixed-additives can reach up-to 14 % efficiency on standard devices as a function of the different MACl:N4HCl additive-ratios, which is related to the precursor colloidal size. We show how the different colloidal dispersion, depending on the additives-ratio, modify the film morphology, the electronic properties (UV-vis spectrum absorption, time-resolved photoluminescence decay, etc.) and, therefore, the solar cell efficiency, finding the best MACl:NH4Cl mixed-additives proportion.
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