Methoxydiphenylamine Substituted Carbazole Twin Derivatives: Inexpensive but Efficient Hole Transporting Material for Perovskite Solar Cells
Michael Grätzel a, Paul Gratia a, Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin a, Tadas Malinauskas b, Maryte Daskeviciene b, Artiom Magomedov b, Vytautas Getautis  b
a Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, 50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of nanoGe September Meeting 2015 (NFM15)
Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 2015 September 6th - 15th
Poster, Paul Gratia, 226
Publication date: 8th June 2015

Over the last years perovskite solar cell technology has shown the potential to compete with the well-established solar cell technologies. Apart from the perovskite absorber material, researchers have also become interested in investigating the electron and hole transporting materials that are required for the highest performing perovskite solar cells. When it comes to commercial applications of solid-state solar cells, one of the main drawbacks that is often cited is the cost of the hole conducting material spiro-OMeTAD which is due to the complicated multi-step synthesis protocol including purification by sublimation.

Here I present a family of methoxydiphenylamine substituted carbazole twin derivatives as a small molecule alternative to spiro-OMeTAD which can yield high current extraction (>21mA/cm2) and overall efficiency (up to 16.9%) in CH3CH2NH3PbI3 based solar cells1. Compared to other hole conductors, it is less expensive, it could be synthesized in two steps from commercially available materials, possesses very good solubility in chlorobenzene and it does not require purification by sublimation techniques.  



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