Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.685
Publication date: 16th December 2024
The field of photovoltaic (PV) technologies is undergoing a rapid transformation, driven by the demand for high efficiency, cost-effective, and scalable solutions. Emerging PV materials, including perovskites, organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and tandem architectures, are pushing the boundaries of efficiency and stability, with record-breaking power conversion efficiencies (PCE) now at 27% for single-junction perovskites and surpassing 34% in perovskite-silicon tandems. The industry is shifting towards scalable fabrication techniques such as blade coating, slot-die printing, and vapor deposition to enable large-area, high-throughput production while maintaining performance. A key focus in the field is the improvement of long-term stability, as operational lifetimes continue to be a primary barrier to commercialization. Advances in encapsulation, interfacial engineering, and composition tuning have significantly enhanced the durability of next-generation PVs, with stability benchmarks extending beyond 1,000 hours under accelerated aging tests. Additionally, flexible and lightweight PVs are gaining momentum, enabling applications in portable electronics, wearable technology, and building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Mechanical resilience, particularly in thin-film and flexible devices, is becoming a crucial parameter, alongside efficiency and environmental stability. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation in material discovery and device optimization is also accelerating innovation, allowing for rapid screening of new compositions and processing conditions. As research continues to bridge the gap between laboratory-scale performance and real-world implementation, the standardization of testing methodologies and upscaling strategies will be critical in determining the commercial viability of emerging PVs. The ongoing advancements in materials science, device engineering, and manufacturing technologies position photovoltaics at the forefront of the renewable energy transition, paving the way for next-generation solar energy solutions.