Green Solvent Approaches for Perovskite Solar Cell End-of-Life Management
Pavlina Kalyva a, Karen Valadez-Villalobos a, Rodrigo Garcia-Rodriguez a, Matthew Davies a
a SPECIFIC IKC, Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University
Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
Sustainability of halide perovskites - #SUPER
Sevilla, Spain, 2025 March 3rd - 7th
Organizers: Francesca Brunetti, Iris Visoly-Fisher and Lukas Wagner
Poster, Pavlina Kalyva, 637
Publication date: 16th December 2024

In the past few decades, the unprecedented population increase, combined with the exacerbated issue of the climate crisis and the subsequent impassivity in environmental responsibility and action, has given rise to the targeted research and expansion in alternative renewable energy technologies [1]. This has led to the rapid development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), a promising candidate and alternative to traditionally used silicon photovoltaics (PV), that are lower cost, easier to manufacture and have higher power conversion (PCE) capabilities, with reported values of >25% [2]. However, PSCs have instability issues, as they are susceptible to a variety of environmental factors such as moisture, oxygen, heat and light. The consequential short lifetime, combined with the possible toxicity risks due to the presence of lead, have hindered their commercialisation. It has been suggested that to improve their sustainability and somewhat compensate for the short lifespan of the devices, their recycling potential, as part of a wider examination on their circular economy capability, be further researched [3]. When assessing the research approach to be taken, it has been found that the FTO and electron transport layer (ETL), make up majority of the energy and cost usage, as well as increase the overall environmental burden of the process [4]. Therefore, reusing these layers would be extremely beneficial, while employing a simplified one-step method to recycle the others, ideally using greener solvents that minimise environmental and human health impacts upon disposal [5]. The goal is the establishment of a robust, reproducible and environmentally sound recycling process that can be realised at large scale, in an effort to contribute to a circular economy framework that will benefit generations to come.     

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