Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
Publication date: 16th December 2024
The environmental concerns and the fast-growing improvement of perovskite photovoltaic devices, green solvent substitutions are a research hot topic as they are considered to maintain photovoltaic abilities with lesser environmental impact on the environment [1,2]. For that reason, assessments methods such as gate-to-gate Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) are recognized for predicting the solvents' environmental and human impacts over long-term and short-term exposure. This is done using software such as OpenLCA, which derives its data from the ecoinvent database, these assessments are becoming more common.
In a recent study conducted by Ünlü and Florez, [3] an LCIA was done comparing a standard MAPbI3 DMF/DMSO ink [4] “standard ink” and self developed MAPbI3 MAP/IPA/H2O ink “green ink”. This study was done to compare the human and environmental impacts from these solvents. Based on twenty-five impact categories assessed, it was found that the “greener” ink shows an improvement compared to the standard ink DFM/DMSO based MAPbI3 ink in all categories aside from ozone depletion and non-renewable energy consumption.
One of the driving factors for the use of greener solvents in the formation of perovskite solar cells is to decrease human health effects. The LCIA showed a reduction in all areas of the human health impacts,these impact categories being, human toxicity carcinogenic which decreased by approximately 20%, and human toxicity non-carcinogenic which decreased by about 80%. As well, ionizing radiation decreased by 4%, and photochemical oxidant formation decreased by 16% between the two methods. These results suggest that using a greener solvent may reduce the potential for adverse human health effects in the future.
The purpose for implementing the LCIA analysis earlier in the ink research process is to streamline the solvent selection and indicate which are the potentially ”greener” solvents. Since the typical LCIA and LCA are done at the end of the product lifetime this usually leads to extended periods of research before the potential impact of the system is investigated.
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