Long-Term Outdoor Performance of Perovskite Photovoltaics
Emmanuel Kymakis a
a Department of Electrical Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), Heraklion 71410, Crete, Greece
Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
Reliability and Circularity of Perovskite-Based Photovoltaics - #RECIPE25
Sevilla, Spain, 2025 March 3rd - 7th
Organizers: Maria Hadjipanayi, Markus Kohlstädt and Anurag Krishna
Invited Speaker, Emmanuel Kymakis, presentation 538
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.538
Publication date: 16th December 2024

Power conversion efficiencies (PCE) exceeding 26% have been achieved by perovskite photovoltaics (PePVs), which have emerged as a promising alternative energy solution. These efficiencies are comparable to classical silicon solar cells. They are appropriate for both low-power applications and large-scale solar farms due to their adaptability. Nevertheless, the preservation of high efficiency in large-area panels under real-world conditions continues to be a substantial obstacle. The complexities of outdoor exposure are not adequately captured by conventional lab-based testing protocols, as the performance and stability of the system are significantly influenced by fluctuating weather patterns and variable peak sun hours.The long-term performance of perovskite modules and panels in outdoor conditions will be the primary focus of this presentation, with an emphasis on the origins of a variety of degradation factors. Some of these factors are intrinsic to the perovskite active layer, while others are extrinsic, such as lamination failure. The effects of gloomy storage and light soaking on the panels and their partial recovery are investigated using detailed measurement protocols.The sensitivity of perovskite panels to environmental conditions such as humidity, high temperatures, and light exposure, which are significant degradation sources, poses a challenge to their long-term stability. Experimental results suggest that the solar farm experiences a more significant degradation during the summer as a result of protracted exposure to high temperatures and solar irradiance, which significantly impedes lamination stability. However, this degradation was discovered to be partially reversible following a period of dark storage. Changes in the light soaking phenomenon (LSP) were observed, as well as enhancements in the electrical parameters of the solar farm following dark storage. The time required for recuperation was contingent upon the severity of the panel degradation. Recovery occurred within the day-night cycle during the initial phases of operation; however, as degradation progressed, additional time was required. Panels were unable to regain their properties with dark storage alone at extremely low degradation levels, necessitating subsequent light exposure for performance recovery. This suggests a multifaceted interplay of degradation and recovery mechanisms that are contingent upon dark storage and light exposure. The rate of degradation of electrical parameters was also influenced by seasonal and environmental conditions, as evidenced by the seasonal behaviour of degradation. Visual inspections revealed that the panels had developed defects over time, which were linked to lamination failure and the penetration of oxygen and moisture. These defects had a negative impact on the panels' performance. The restoration of electrical parameters was impeded by severe optical degradation, even after dark storage. Studying the voltage mismatch of perovskite photovoltaics is another essential stage in the commercialisation of this photovoltaic technology, as it is essential to comprehend its influence on rate of degradation. This encompasses the identification of the most effective connection configuration (parallel and series) for the efficient long-term operation of a solar farm, as well as for the upscaling and fabrication of panels. In summary, the stability of photovoltaic perovskites is significantly influenced by lamination. This research demonstrates that the electrical properties of the panels can be restored provided that the lamination prevents the penetration of external factors (including moisture and oxygen). Nevertheless, it is imperative to conduct additional research on the ageing process in outdoor environments in order to distinguish between recovery scenarios in terms of the extent of degradation and long-term stability.

This work was carried out within the framework of the Action ’Flagship Research Projects in challenging interdisciplinary sectors with practical applications in Greek Industry implemented through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan Greece 2.0 and funded by the European Union - NextGenerationEU (project code: TAEDR-0537347).

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