Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.527
Publication date: 16th December 2024
Previous attempts to make monolayer gold has to date been limited to a few atomic layers stabilized on or inside another material. Challenges originate from the metal bonding, which is the reason for gold’s tendency to form 3D shapes by vapor-phase synthesis or precipitation from solutions.
This presentation will show the exfoliation of single-atom-thick 2D gold (named goldene) by wet-chemically etching away Ti3C2 layers from Ti3AuC2. The latter is a nano-laminated MAX-phase, formed by substituting the Si layer in Ti3SiC2 with Au, and the exchange substitution is an example of non-van der Waals intercalation. The process is also shown to be tunable, facilitating formation of both double and triple layers of Au inside the MAX phase, confirmed by theoretical predictions of phase stability. Evidence for corresponding few-layer goldene is also presented.
Goldene comprising one layer of gold display roughly 3% in-plane (111) lattice contraction compared to bulk gold, shown by scanning transmission electron microscopy. A tendency for curling and agglomeration of goldene is also observed, but surfactants are used to hinder the goldene sheets from coalescing with each other. Notably, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations suggest that flat atomic layers are inherently stable. Prospects for preparing goldene from a series of MAX phases - both carbides and nitrides – in thin film as well as powder form, will be presented. Proposed applications for goldene include sensors and catalyst for water splitting during solar energy harvesting.
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