Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.503
Publication date: 16th December 2024
Liquid metal batteries (LMBs) are highly promising for grid-scale energy storage due to their outstanding kinetics, scalability, and long lifespan enabled by their unique three-liquid-layer structure. However, challenges remain with the positive electrode, including fluctuations at the electrode/electrolyte interface during charge and discharge cycles, as well as poor wettability on the current collector. These issues introduce excess electrical resistance and hinder rate capability, ultimately compromising cycling stability. To address the rate capability, we propose an operando strategy for the formation of Li₂Te with a multi-channel structure. This engineered structure enhances ion transport during cycling, significantly improving rate performance. The Li || Sb-Bi-Te₅ cell demonstrated exceptional capacity retention of 84.4% at 1000 mA cm⁻², compared to only 43.8% for the Li || Sb-Bi cell. To enhance electrode wettability, we incorporated 4 mol% Se into a Bi-based metal, forming a highly surface-active interface layer. This layer effectively reduced the contact angle with 304 stainless steel (SUS304) from 144.7° to 74.3°, significantly improving adhesion. The resulting 20 Ah Li || Bi-Se₄ cell (where Se constitutes 4 mol% of Bi) exhibited remarkable cycling stability, achieving 1200 cycles with a minimal capacity fade rate of just 0.00174% per cycle.This straightforward and efficient approach provides a viable pathway to producing stable LMBs with extended lifespans, advancing their practical implementation for large-scale energy storage.
This work is supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52374310, 92372205, 51874228) and Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2020JM-068). The author gratefully acknowledges the support of K. C. Wong Education Foundation.
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