Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.502
Publication date: 16th December 2024
Grid-scale energy storage technologies is important and in urgent need for the renewable energy applications. Among the most energy storage technologies, electrochemical energy storage technologies, such as batteries, shows the great advantages of simple structure and high efficiency, which is developing quickly and widely applicated for varied fields of EES. For the electrochemical energy storage technologies, the electrode/electrolyte play the most important roles for the mass and ion transport. The ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of electrode/electrolyte layers directly influence the energy/power densities and cycling stability of the batteries. Thus, engineering a stable artificial SEI layer with sufficient strength and high interface energy is an efficient strategy to accelerate the ion/electron transfer kinetics as well as guarantee the stable and reversible redox reactions.
Plasma is generated by high voltage ionization, constituted of highly reactive species, which can easily form a large number of active sites on the material surface to construct interface layers with certain components. Lithium metal is considered as the most ideal anode for high energy batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity. However, the low coulombic efficiency and lithium dendrites lead to the poor cycling stability of lithium metal batteries. To solve these problems, artificial SEI layers with certain species of LiF, Li2C2 and polythiophene are prepared through the plasma treatment. Benefiting from the high mechanical strength of LiF, low Li+ diffusion barrier of Li2C2 and flexible structure of the polythiophene, modified Li anodes exhibit an long-term cycling stability of 8000 h with dendrite free structure. When coupling with LiFePO4, the cell using P-PTh-Li can obtain a reversible capacity of 94% after 500 cycles, compared to that of 62% capacity retention of Li. Furthermore, CF4 plasma was further employed for the treatment of PP separator. The grafted polar groups enhance the ionic conductivity and lithium-ion transference number of the separator. Moreover, the introduction of fluorine-containing functional groups participates in the formation of LiF-rich SEI film, which can regulate the uniform deposition of lithium ions and inhibits lithium dendrite growth.
This research was supported financially by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 52077095, 51861135315, U1766216), the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (YESS: 2019-2021QNRC001).
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