Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.496
Publication date: 16th December 2024
The growing demand for lithium-ion (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) to support the global energy transition has made end-of-life (EOL) management a critical challenge. Conventional recycling methods, including pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, are energy-intensive and environmentally taxing and often fail to efficiently recover all critical materials. Direct recycling presents an innovative alternative, enabling the recovery and reuse of active materials with reduced energy input and environmental impact.
This presentation highlights cutting-edge research on the direct recycling of lower value and lower cost active materials in batteries. For example, hard carbon (HC) and Prussian white from Sodium-ion Scrap and EOL cells, graphite and lithium iron phosphate from scrap and end-of-life lithium-ion batteries, utilizing low-energy and low environmental impact approaches for delamination and relithiation or sodiation.
The discussion will also explore criticality assessments for materials such as lithium, sodium, and cobalt, evaluating their environmental and geopolitical risks in battery manufacturing. Direct recycling emerges as a scalable solution to mitigate these risks, decrease reliance on raw material extraction, and establish closed-loop systems for battery components. Life cycle assessments (LCA) demonstrate significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption compared to conventional techniques.