Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.447
Publication date: 16th December 2024
The development of carbon capture, storage, and utilization (CCS&U) technologies is critical for mitigating climate change and reducing reliance on fossil-based feedstocks. To ensure these technologies deliver sustainable solutions, it is essential to adopt sustainability assessment tools early in the design process, enabling timely identification of improvement opportunities and potential unintended consequences. Innovation efforts have focused on alternative solvents for CO₂ capture and novel catalysts and reactive systems for CO₂ utilization, addressing key technical and sustainability challenges in CCU.
This presentation highlights examples where life cycle assessment (LCA) was applied in early design stages to guide the sustainable development of carbon capture sorbents and CO₂ utilization systems. The first case study evaluates the environmental impacts of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, an ionic liquid (IL), used as a post-combustion CO₂ capture solvent in a power plant with CCS. Key impact contributors and design parameters that could enhance IL performance in CCS processes were identified, revealing molecular-level weaknesses and opportunities for improvement. While the findings focus on a specific IL, the approach is broadly applicable to other ILs if process design data is available.
The second case study demonstrates the use of LCA to guide the design of a non-thermal plasma (NTP) reactor for CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol. By integrating climate impact metrics with reactor design parameters, product selectivity and CO₂ conversion, optimal operating conditions were determined from a sustainability perspective. The reactor, packed with a novel copper-zinc catalyst on a zeolite support, was tested under various voltages. Results showed that methanol selectivity had the greatest influence on the reactor’s environmental performance.
These case studies illustrate that addressing trade-offs early when designing solvents and catalysts applied to CCS&U technologies, can significantly enhance their environmental sustainability performance and drive innovation.
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