Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.407
Publication date: 16th December 2024
Among the anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs), hard carbon (HC) is attracting particular attention thanks to its advantages: low cost, availability, sustainability and theoretical capacity close to graphite (in lithium-ion batteries, LIBs) [1]. HCs are generally synthesised from eco-friendly precursors, such as bio-polymers and biomasses, ensuring local resources' utilisation. For electrode manufacturing, HC is usually mixed with a polymer binder to be cast onto the current collector and to improve its mechanical stability. The binder plays an essential role in the formation of the electrode/electrolyte interface (known as the SEI), which affects the efficiency, capacity and cycle life of the battery. However, the binder can also cause inconveniences related to its weight, stability and inactive electrochemical storage, reducing sometimes performance. In addition, most of the binders currently used contain fluorine, i.e. polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), which is not only difficult to recycle, but also requires toxic and volatile solvents (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, NMP) to dissolve it, raising environmental concerns. To overcome this problem, sustainable and green binders/solvents are explored in this work to obtain environmentally responsible and biodegradable electrodes, that can be recycled [2]. The results obtained show that significant optimisation of the electrode formulation is required for each individual binder and that the performance vs. Na/Na+ is strongly dependent on the binder used. In addition, the formation of SEI and its chemical composition is also influenced by the binder [3]. Furthermore, binder-free self-supporting electrodes (SSE) are proposed as a promising alternative to avoid the use of binder/solvent while reducing the price, toxicity and weight of the electrodes [4]. The synthesis of such SSE is quite challenging and, in particular, their performance is closely linked to their properties and the electrolyte used.
The authors thank the Grand-Est Region, France and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Program (project NAIMA, call: LC-BAT-02, Contract no. 875629) for financial support of this work.
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