Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.349
Publication date: 16th December 2024
The synthesis of multinary semiconductors for solar energy conversion applications such as kesterite (Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4, CZTSSe) is extremely challenging due to the complexity of this type of compounds. In particular, quaternary kesterite-type compounds are not the exception, and all these detrimental issues explain why during almost 10 years the world record efficiency was unchanged. But the very recent development of molecular inks route with special precursors, allows the accurate control of single kesterite phase with high crystalline quality, contributing to increase the conversion e"ciency record of kesterite based solar cells up to 15% in a short time.
This presentation will be focused first in demonstrating how the molecular inks synthesis route was of key relevance for the control of high-quality single phase kesterite, through the modification of the synthesis mechanisms. The relevance of the composition of the ink, the precursor salts, and the interaction between the solvent and the cations in the solution is key for a reliable and reproducible high efficiency kesterite production baseline. Then, diluted alloying/doping strategies will be presented including Cu, Zn and Sn partial substitution with elements such as Ag, Li, Cd or Ge, that allowed e"ciencies close to 15%. The positive impact of these cation substitutions will be discussed in regards of their impact on the kesterite quality, as well as on the annihilation of detrimental punctual defects, allowing for new efficiency records at 15% level. In addition, the main characteristics and challenges of key kesterite interfaces (front, back and grain boundaries) will be discussed. Finally, very recent, and innovative interface passivation strategies will be discussed, showing the pathway to increase the record efficiency beyond 20%.
Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation project number PID2023-148976OB-C41.
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