Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.185
Publication date: 16th December 2024
The current spectral coverage of colloidal quantum dot (CQD) lasers spans from the visible, using zinc and cadmium chalcogenide-based quantum dots, all the way through to the short-wave infrared (SWIR) region, up until telecoms wavelengths using lead sulphide (PbS). However, the full spectral tuneable range of the PbS quantum confinement (up to 2.5 μm) has yet to be explored. The so-called extended SWIR region (1.7 μm – 2.5 μm), has many applications such as in LIDAR, biological imaging and environmental monitoring and is currently served only by exotic and costly materials with limited-scalability. We extend the gain coverage of PbS CQDs up until 2500 nm and report lasing with emission tuned between 2150 nm and 2500 nm using distributed feedback cavities. A detailed size-dependent study of the gain behaviour of these PbS CQDs is performed, investigating the absorption cross-section and excited state dynamics of the CQDs. The optical gain threshold of the largest dots emitting in the extended SWIR is seen to reduce by a factor of 36 compared to smaller-sized CQDs emitting at telecoms, reaching an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold down to 42 µJ/cm2. From this study we were then able to predict and realise for the first time, optical gain and lasing from PbS CQDs under nanosecond pumping. This major milestone paves the way for the realization of compact and practical CQD infrared lasers in the extended SWIR region and potentially towards electrically driven laser diodes.
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