Powering Flexible Technologies with MXenes-Based Supercapacitors: Challenges and Opportunities
João Coelho a b, Pedro Moreira c, David Carvalho c, Rodrigo Abreu c, Sara Silvestre c, Emanuel Carlos c, Joana Vaz Pinto c, Maria D. Alba b, Joaquín Ramirez-Rico a b
a Dpto. Física de La Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes SN, 41012, Seville, Spain
b Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Seville, Spain
c I3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
Nano Exploration of MXenes 2025 - #NEMX25
Sevilla, Spain, 2025 March 3rd - 7th
Organizers: Michelle Browne, Rui Gusmão and Bahareh Khezri
Invited Speaker, João Coelho, presentation 184
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.184
Publication date: 16th December 2024

The future of electronics, wearables, healthcare, and smart environments is being shaped by the integration of IoT (Internet of Things) with flexible technologies. A plethora of printed electronic components, including OLED displays, OPVs, TFTs, antennas, and diodes, among others, have already been developed [1], [2], [3]. These can then be integrated into technological platforms with a multitude of applications. When building such platforms, it is essential to address the question of energy autonomy. For flexible electronics, energy is normally harvested from the environment (solar energy, heat, movement, etc.) and stored in supercapacitors (SC) [4] 4. These energy storage devices are the optimal choice for printed and wearable electronics. They offer a long shelf life, seamless integration, and rapid charge and discharge capabilities. From many available options, MXenes have been regarded a good choice for SC manufacturing thanks to their optimal chemical properties. MXenes have a hydrophilic surface due to the presence of hydroxyl, oxygen, or fluorine functional groups (-OH, =O, -F), high electrical conductivity up to ~10,000 S/cm, especially for Ti₃C₂Tx, high flexibility, high capacitance (~1500 F/cm³ for Ti₃C₂Tx), fast ion transport, chemical stability, and more. As such, for the last couple of years, there has been a tremendous focus on MXene synthesis and implementation as SC electrodes [5], [6], [7].

This presentation will prove the vital importance of MXenes in the fabrication of SC electrodes for printed and flexible electronics. It will also show how they compare to other promising technologies and highlight their advantages and shortcomings. [8], [9]. It will also be discussed some strategies for MXene-based SC development to meet different applications requirements, such as voltage window, usable area and stability. However, the full potential of MXenes will only be exploited once the significant hurdles that currently stand in the way have been overcome, namely long-term stability and green synthesis. Nevertheless, due to their rich chemistry and optimal properties for electrochemical energy storage, MXenes are poised to play a significant role on powering up future and printed and flexible electronics.

The authors acknowledge funding from Junda de Andalucia (EMERGIA Program - EMC21_00174), FCT – Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (Project 2022.01493.PTDC - GAMBIT and projects LA/P/ 0037/2020, UIDP/50025/2020 and UIDB/50025/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute of Nanostructures, Nano-modelling and Nanofabrication-i3N) and Horizon Europe Framework Programme (Project SUPERIOT - 10109602)

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