Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.182
Publication date: 16th December 2024
In recent years, there has been a notable increase in lithium production, mainly due to the development and widespread adoption of Li-ion batteries (LiBs) in electronic devices; additionally, further increments are expected since vehicle electrification is based on LiBs because of its high energy density, safety and relatively low cost [1]. Lithium could be produced from hard-rock ores and continental brines. The dependence of this metal on third countries has prompted the European Committee to develop a new EU regulatory framework for batteries, which requires ensuring the recovery by 2027of at least 50% of the lithium contained in spent batteries and its reutilization for the manufacturing of new cathode material by 2030 [2]. Current LIBs recycling is carried out at an industrial scale using pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes. However, in most cases, these methods face difficulties in recovering lithium and focus on extracting nickel and cobalt [3].
In this communication, we develop an electrochemical method - ion pumping technology- to selectively extract lithium from battery spent, based on the use of lithium-selective-electrodes, such as olivine LiFePO4 (Figure 1A), which can intercalate lithium while neglecting the insertion of other co-cations present in the solution, e.g., case of Ni, Co, and Mn for NMC based spent. The value of material selectivity towards lithium and the influence of critical extraction parameters (current density, time…) were analyzed by constant current measurements (Figure 1B) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results demonstrate this technology's potential for electrochemical recovery of lithium, reaching purities higher than 98% in short times - 120 minutes.
The authors would like to thank:
The technical staff of the Instituto Químico de Energía y Medio Ambiente (IQUEMA). The support of the Junta de Andalucía through the funding of the projects ‘Programa EMERGIA Emergía_0153’ and ‘Proyecto Excel_00330’, as well as the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the projects ‘TED20213129314A-100’ and PID2022-142391OA -100, the grant RYC2022-037564 funded by MCI/AEI//10. 13039/501100011033 and the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR, ERDF a way to make Europe and ESF invest in your future
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