Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.169
Publication date: 16th December 2024
Li-ion battery recycling is currently a topic of significant scientific interest, with numerous studies and research projects exploring new techniques and optimizing existing ones. This is further encouraged to cope with the need for an independent supply of the main battery materials (e.g. Li, Co, Ni), most of them classified as Critical Raw Materials (CRM) by international organisations such as the EU [1]. Battery recycling therefore aims at facing the rapid growth in energy demand and the so-called Green transition promoting the market of electric vehicles. Not to mention that battery recycling tackles environmental problems related to their disposal. Current recycling methods employed are primarily based on hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes. However, these technologies have several inherent limitations, including an intensive consumption of energy or chemical reagents, lengthy operational procedures with low recovery rates, and the generation of hazardous wastewater or polluting gas emissions, thus involving severe environmental impacts [2]. Consequently, the development of novel alternative and sustainable recycling techniques is imperative, with electrochemical recycling representing a promising avenue for advancement [3].
In this work, an electrochemical technique has been the subject of study using materials like Prussian Blue Analogues (KxNi[Fe(CN)6]y - z H2O), capable of reversible intercalation of divalent cations (Co and Ni). Following the acquisition of encouraging results from 965 ppm of recovered CRM under static conditions in a microcell, the method was fully automated simulating a scenario closer to the final application utilising a semicontinuous flow-through reactor and resulting in the recovery of 1600 ppm CRM and 121 Wh/g of energy consumption. This is accomplished through the integration of electrochemical techniques to study the electrochemical properties of the PBA and to develop the operational modes of the setup. Furthermore, an examination of the material's structural, morphological, compositional, and characteristics is conducted.
Accordingly, this study represents a novel automated electrochemical method for the recovery of nickel and cobalt from battery recycling wastewater
The authors would like to thank:
The technical staff of the Instituto Químico de Energía y Medio Ambiente (IQUEMA) and the Servicios Centrales de Apoyo a la Investigación (SCAI) of the University of Málaga. The support of the Junta de Andalucía through the funding of the projects ‘Programa EMERGIA Emergía_0153’ and ‘Proyecto Excel_00330’, as well as the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the projects ‘TED20213129314A-100’ and PID2022-142391OA -100, the grant RYC2022-037564 funded by MCI/AEI//10. 13039/501100011033 and the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR, ERDF a way to make Europe and ESF invest in your future.
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